Database + Limit + Physics

How do you implement a database?

Database is a very large data. The data hierarchy goes from bit, to byte, to field, to record, to file or table, and then to database. There are also database of databases.
Implementing a database requires organizing the data in some fashion or pattern. The following describes 3 ways.
Sequential File Access Method: All records are organized sequentially using a key field as a unique record number for that record. An example would be a file of sequential records.
ISAM or Indexed Sequential Access Method: All records are also organized sequentially using a key field as a unique record number for that record. However, an indexed file is used to record the key field and its related address pointers to all the data in the record. An example would be a collection of related files stored in a disk which can be read by tracks instead of sequentially.
Random or Direct Access Method: All records can be stored sequentially or randomly in permanent storage using a key field as a unique record number for that record. But a record can be accessed randomly using a hashing formula or hash function or several hash functions that will yield the memory address pointers of each record data using the record's unique key field number. An example would be today's RDBMS systems.
Suggested websites:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISAM
https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~adamchik/15-121/lectures/Hashing/hashing.html

What is the limit of a function in pre-calculus mathematics?

The limit of a function is the value of the range of a function, say y range, as the value of domain of the function, say x domain, approaches or reaches the specific x value. The limit of a function does not require the x value to be reached. So two things can happen when x is equal to the specific value. Either the function has a real y value at x value or the function has no y value at x value. If there is a real y value, then we do not have to use the limit of the function. If there is no real y value, then we can use the limit of a function to approximate a y value.
Now if we use the limit of a function, two things can happen. Either the function has a limit as it approaches the x value or we find the limit does not exist or is undefined because the y value has an indeterminate form value or the y value are actually 2 or more values for y, which makes it also undefined, because the definition of a function is there is only one range value for every domain value of a function.
Examples:
Limit of the function f(x) = 1/x as x approaches 0 is undefined. Substituting x with 0, we have 1/0, which is an indeterminate value. So let's try to approach x from both sides of the function. So we have 1/1 = 1 and 1/(-1) = -1. Since there are 2 values for y, the answer is undefined.
Limit of the function f(x) = x/2 as x approaches 2 is 1. Substituting x with 2, we have 2/2, which is equal to 1.
Limit of the function f(x) = 1/(x-2) as x approaches 2 is undefined. Substituting x with 2, we have 1/0. So let's try from both sides of the equation. So we have 1/(3-2) = 1/2 and 1/(1-2) = -(1/2). So the answer is also undefined.
Suggested website:
https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/limits.html

What is the fundamental of Physics?

This question is flawed. The correct question is "What are the fundamentals of Physics?". Because our knowledge of Physics is now humongous that there are many fundamentals that we need to know, and still many more to discover. But if you're not a physicist by profession, then you don't have to discover any of them or even know what is already discovered.
If this question was asked in the years with the suffix BC or BCE, i.e., Before Christian Era, then this question can be answered in one statement. The fundamental of Physics is the Archimedes' Principle, named after the Greek famous for yelling "Eureka!" in the nude.
This law of physics states that the opposing force exerted by a LIQUID on a fully or partially submerged SOLID body is equal to the WEIGHT of the displaced VOLUME of liquid. Written as a formula, it is F = pgV, where F is the force, p is the difference in density, g is the constant acceleration due to Earth's gravity, and V is the displaced Volume of liquid.
This law also explains why the huge Titanic was able to sail the Atlantic, but failed to do so when it was flooded by the additional weight of the cold Atlantic water. Brrr!
Suggested website:
http://formulas.tutorvista.com/physics/archimedes-principle-formula.html

Happy new semester Spring 2016!

John Sindayen

Method + Inequality + College

What is the difference between a function and a method?

The difference between a function and a method is that a method belongs to an object whereas a function does not. In other words, a function can be called within any code that is not in itself an object.
JavaScript misuse the term "function" when the term was taken from the C programming language. Method is the more technically precise terminology. C does not have any objects, technically speaking, whereas JavaScript is a pure object-based programming language. JavaScript is not, however, a pure object-oriented programming language.
Java is the only programming language that belongs to that class. The reason for this are the following:
C# implements a structure that is not really pure object-oriented language.
Visual Basic or VB.NET employs structure underneath its classes that is not really pure object-oriented language.
Of course, one can always say that all languages are really pure binary language or pure assembly type language since all their codes are implemented by one or more intermediate software that can be understood by the specific operating platform.

What is Inequality in Mathematics?

Inequality in mathematics is the same as inequality in men, despite what the Declaration of Independence may say and anything of equal or higher level. But that's beyond the topic of the question.
Inequality in math is when a number or an expression is higher or lower than another number or numeric expression.
Inequality in math uses the following symbols and concepts between numbers or numeric expressions.
< for "is lesser than".
> for "is greater than".
≤ for "is lesser than or equal to".
≥ for "is greater than or equal to".

What is the value of a college education?

There is both a subjective and an objective value of a college education.
The subjective value depends on the individual who is either earning it or already has it. It is called pride or achievement when one already has it. And it is called discipline or belonging when one is trying to achieve it.
The objective value depends on the viewer of the college education. The individual who has it or trying to get it views its value according to what it will bring in the future and to what it is doing to the individual in the present. It may be viewed as a long struggle presently and as a big monetary earnings in the future.
Colleges and universities always view a college education in a positive way because it is their cash cow.
Employers may view a college education depending on the employer themselves and each individual employee or all employees as a whole.
Parents may also view a college education differently. For example, they may not always agree with the individual's chosen educational goal.
All things considered, the value of a college education depends primarily on the individual who is or will be using his present time and possibly all of his lifetime spending and advancing the knowledge of his or her chosen major or career.

Happy Martin Luther King's Day! I have a dream!

John Sindayen

Code + Plot + Function

How do you say "Happy New Year!" in 7 programming languages?

Here they are in C/C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Python, and VB.NET.

C:
#include < stdio.h>
int main(void) {
    printf("Happy New Year!\n");
    return 0;
}

C#:
namespace ConsoleApplication {
    class Happy {
        static void Main(string[] args) {
            System.Console.WriteLine("Happy New Year!");
        }
    }
}

C++:
#include < iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    cout << "Happy New Year!";
    return 0;
}

JAVA:
public class Happy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Happy New Year!");
    }
}

JAVASCRIPT:
< html>
< head>
< title>Happy< /title>
< /head>
< body>
< script>
document.write("Happy New Year!");
< /script>
< /body>
< /html>

PYTHON:
print("Happy New Year!")

VISUAL BASIC:
Public Class Happy
    Private Sub Happy_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)
            Handles MyBase.Load
        Dim lblHappy As New Label
        lblHappy.Text = "Happy New Year!"
        Me.Controls.Add(lblHappy)
    End Sub
End Class

What is a plot in Literature?

A plot is the plot of a story. It is a brief description of what the story is about. Some writers consider the plot as the short summary of the story. And some writers even think of plot as abstract of the story. Here are some movie plots shown on TV on December 2015 and January 2016.
THE GIANT CLAW : 1957 : Science Fiction : Giant bird menaces trains and teenagers only to be killed by a chemist who concocted gaseous solution dispersed from an U.S. Air Force bomber plane.
IT'S A MAD, MAD, MAD WORLD : 1963 : Comedy : Motorists find hidden money confessed by dying crook and is joined by others including a retiring old police captain. Money ends scattered in street.
WHO'S MINDING THE MINT? : 1967 : Comedy : U.S. Treasury Department clerk replaces $50,000 new bills he accidentally took and shredded in garbage disposal by hiring others. $1,000,000 new bills ends in sea bottom.
THE RETURN OF A MAN CALLED HORSE : 1976 : War : Englishman returns to his American Indian village only to find it obliterated by Frenchmen and their Indian allies. All Frenchmen and their allies end up dead.
SANTA CLAUS THE MOVIE : 1985 : Adventure : Toymaker gives free toys to children and ends up living in the North Pole as Santa Claus.
NUTCRACKER THE MOTION PICTURE : 1986 : Musical : Girl dreams a nutcracker soldier protects her from giant monsters. Soldier transforms into a prince and they end up dancing in his castle.
HOUSE ARREST : 1996 : Comedy : Boy locks parents in basement and is joined by other kids locking their parents in boy's basement. Boy's parents end up not divorcing and honeymooning with children in Hawaii.
ANTITRUST : 2001 : Thriller : Computer programmer learns his new employer steals from and kills non-employee brilliant programmers. He outwits and exposes conspiracy using IP addresses wired to TV broadcasts.
THE SANTA CLAUSE 3 THE ESCAPE CLAUSE : 2006 : Comedy : Santa Claus resigns only to find his North Pole home have become commercialized. Ex-Santa outwits legal clause and regains North Pole home.
DAD IS A SCROOGE : 2014 : Comedy : Talking barn animals teach and transform banker father to be charitable to couple who shelters animals on Christmas Day.
Suggested website:
http://www.dailywritingtips.com/forum/showthread.php?75-In-a-story-abstract...

What is a function in Mathematics?

A function is a relation where every input, say x value, results in only one output, say y value. A function is written as f(x), thanks to Euler.
If a line or curve with the equation y is a function, then we can say y = f(x). If y is not a function, then we cannot use f(x).
For example, the equation y = 1 is a relation that is a function because for every x value, the equation y only has 1 output y value. The equation y^2 = x is a relation that is not a function because one or more x value results into two values of y.
Suggested website:
http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Euler.html

Happy Three Kings Day!

John Sindayen